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J Caring Sci. 2022;11(2): 94-104.
doi: 10.34172/jcs.2021.027
PMID: 35919277
PMCID: PMC9339131
  Abstract View: 633
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Review Article

The Effect of Probiotics or Synbiotics on the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Rouhina Movaghar 1 ORCID logo, Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili 2 ORCID logo, khadijeh Hajizade 3 ORCID logo, Mehdi Ebrahimpour MirzaRezaei 4 ORCID logo, Mahnaz Shahnazi 3* ORCID logo

1 Department of Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3 Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
4 Department of Library, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Corresponding Author: Mahnaz Shahnazi, Email: , Email: mshahnazi@tbzmed.ac.ir

Abstract

Introduction: Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs have been suggested to treat preeclampsia. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the efficacy of probiotic or synbiotic supplementation on hypertensive disorders in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: The databases including Cochrane, Embase, Ovid, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed were systematically searched for collecting the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of probiotic or synbiotic supplementation versus placebo on hypertensive disorders and pregnancy outcomes in GDM until July 2020.

Results: Five RCTs with a total sample size of 402 women were included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant decline in systolic blood pressure (standardized mean difference [SMD]=-3.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-8.32 to 1.50, P=0.17), diastolic blood pressure (SMD=-5.11, 95% CI=-14.20 to -3.98, P=0.27), preeclampsia (odds ratio [OR]=1.56, 95% CI=0.61 to 3.98, P=0.35), cesarean section (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.18 to 1.50, P=0.23), and macrosomia (OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.41 to 1.57, P=0.53). No significant increase was observed in terms of 5-minute Apgar (SMD=0.16, 95% CI=-0.06 to 0.39, P=0.15, I2=0%), birth weight (SMD=-0.18, 95% CI=-0.43 to 0.06, P=0.13, I2=0%), and gestational age (SMD=0.13, 95% CI=-0.11 to 0.37, P=0.28, I2=0%).

Conclusion: Probiotic or synbiotic supplements are not associated with significant effects on pregnancy outcomes in GDM. However, due to the limited number of studies in this regard and heterogeneity between studies, future high-quality RCTs are recommended.

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Submitted: 27 Sep 2020
Revision: 26 Apr 2021
Accepted: 08 Aug 2021
ePublished: 29 May 2022
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