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J Caring Sci. 2026;15(2): 94-102.
doi: 10.34172/jcs.36492
  Abstract View: 13
  PDF Download: 10

Original Article

The Effect of Counseling Using Happiness Training on the Stress and Self-Efficacy of Infertile Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Fereshteh Shaker 1 ORCID logo, Mahnaz Shahnazi 1 ORCID logo, Mojgan Mirghafourvand 2 ORCID logo, Naiemeh Moheb 3 ORCID logo, Khadije Hajizadeh 1* ORCID logo

1 Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3 Department of Clinical Psychology TaMS.C, Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Azad Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Khadije Hajizadeh, Email: Hajizade_k@yahoo.com

Abstract

Introduction: Infertility is considered a major life crisis and imposes significant stress on infertile couples. This study aims to determine the effect of counseling using happiness training based on the cognitive-behavioral model on stress and infertility self-efficacy among infertile women undergoing In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatment.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 60 infertile women undergoing IVF treatment were randomly assigned using block randomization with blocks of four and six and a 1:1 allocation ratio into two groups: a counseling group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). For the intervention group, counseling was conducted in eight 45 to 60 minute sessions with groups of 4 to 6 participants, weekly, at the Infertility Center of Jahad Daneshgahi in Tabriz, Iran. Data were collected using the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire and the Infertility Self-Efficacy Scale. Independent t-test and ANCOVA test were used for data analysis.

Results: ANCOVA results, adjusted for baseline values, showed that the mean infertility stress score in the counseling group was significantly lower than in the control group. Additionally, the mean infertility self-efficacy score in the counseling group was significantly higher than in the control group.

Conclusion: Considering the impact of infertility-related stress on the infertility treatment process, and based on the results of this study, it is recommended that happiness training counseling be integrated alongside other supportive and care-based treatments for infertile women.

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Submitted: 30 Sep 2025
Revision: 02 Nov 2025
Accepted: 01 Dec 2025
ePublished: 25 May 2026
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