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J Caring Sci. 2018;7(2): 67-74. doi: 10.15171/jcs.2018.011
PMID: 29977876        PMCID: PMC6029656

Original Research

Lipohypertrophy in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Hamdiye Arda Sürücü 1 * , Hatice OKurArslan 2 ORCID

Cited by CrossRef: 13

1- Barlas T, Yalcin M, Coskun M, Demirel D, Altinova A, Toruner F, Karakoc M, Yetkin I, Akturk M. Evaluation of Lipohypertrophy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on Multiple Daily Insulin Injections or Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion. Endocrine Practice. 2023;29(2):119 [Crossref]
2- Shetty Z, PS L, Kulkarni S, Budyal S, Oak M. Screening of Lipohypertrophy (LH) in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients and factors influencing this condition. EMIJ. 2018;6(5) [Crossref]
3- Ucieklak D, Mrozinska S, Wojnarska A, Malecki M, Klupa T, Matejko B, Pitocco D. Insulin-induced Lipohypertrophy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with an Insulin Pump. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2022;2022:1 [Crossref]
4- Yu J, Wang H, Zhu M, Yan D, Fan B, Shi Y, Shen M, Liu X, He W, Luo D, Xu J. Detection sensitivity of ultrasound scanning vs. clinical examination for insulin injection-related lipohypertrophy. 2022;135(3):353 [Crossref]
5- Berlanda G, Telo G, Gossenheimer A, Auler A, da Silva E, Rodrigues P, dos Santos A, Amico S, Schaan B. Impact of Syringe and Needle Reuse on the Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Week Randomized Clinical Trial. 2024;47(12):2146 [Crossref]
6- Guo L, Zhang Q, Xue Y, Ran X, Chen L, Jiang S, Liu D, Ji Q, Liu J. A Nationwide Cross-sectional Survey of Knowledge and Practices of Diabetes Drug Injection Techniques of Patients, Nurses, and Physicians. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2023;98(10):1482 [Crossref]
7- Theys K, Vermander S, Annemans L, De Block C, Hermans M, Matthys I, Nobels F, Nguyen T, Preumont V, Zakrzewska K, Vanderdonck F. Health-Economic Modelling of Improved Behavior in Insulin Injection Technique in Belgium. PharmacoEconomics Open. 2025;9(2):259 [Crossref]
8- Chen L, Xing Q, Li J, Zhou J, Yuan Y, Wan Y, Pflug B, Strauss K, Hirsch L. Injection Technique Education in Patients with Diabetes Injecting Insulin into Areas of Lipohypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Ther. 2021;12(3):813 [Crossref]
9- Luo D, Shi Y, Zhu M, Wang H, Yan D, Yu J, Ji J, Liu X, Fan B, Xu Y, Zhang M, He W, Xu J, Yang T. Subclinical lipohypertrophy——Easily ignored complications of insulin therapy. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 2021;35(3):107806 [Crossref]
10- Wang K, Zhang S, Liu C, Chen Y. A meta-analysis and meta-regression on the prevalence of lipohypertrophy in diabetic patients on insulin therapy. Therapies. 2021;76(6):617 [Crossref]
11- Shen M, Shi Y, Zheng S, Fan H, Xu J, Yang T. A Systematic Survey of Physicians' Insights Into Lipohypertrophy. Front Public Health. 2021;9 [Crossref]
12- Xu H, Cheng Z, Li X, Mu C, Bao D, Xing Q. Comparison of ultrasound scanning and clinical examination for detecting insulin injection related Lipohypertrophy and construction of Lipohypertrophy classification table. Diabet Med. 2025;42(3) [Crossref]
13- Mader J, Fornengo R, Hassoun A, Heinemann L, Kulzer B, Monica M, Nguyen T, Sieber J, Renard E, Reznik Y, Ryś P, Stożek-Tutro A, Wilmot E. Relationship Between Lipohypertrophy, Glycemic Control, and Insulin Dosing: A Systematic Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. 2024;26(5):351 [Crossref]
14- Mader J, Fornengo R, Hassoun A, Heinemann L, Kulzer B, Monica M, Nguyen T, Sieber J, Renard E, Reznik Y, Ryś P, Stożek-Tutro A, Wilmot E. Risk factors for Lipohypertrophy in People With Insulin-Treated Diabetes: A Systematic Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025; [Crossref]
15- Xu X, Carvalho V, Wang X, Qiu S, Sun Z. Lipohypertrophy: prevalence, clinical consequence, and pathogenesis. 2021;134(1):47 [Crossref]
16- Klimontov V, Lazarev M, Letyagin A, Bulumbaeva D, Bgatova N. Lipodystrophy at the insulin injection sites: current trends in epidemiology, diagnostics and prevention. Diabetes mellitus. 2020;23(2):161 [Crossref]
17- Arora S, Agrawal N, Shanthaiah D, Verma A, Singh S, Patne S, Kalra S, Singh P, Goyal S. Early detection of cutaneous complications of insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Primary Care Diabetes. 2021;15(5):859 [Crossref]
18- Madhu S. The clinical relevance of lipohypertrophy. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2019;39(3):417 [Crossref]